{"id":18383,"date":"2025-08-14T13:26:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T10:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/?p=18383"},"modified":"2025-08-14T13:26:10","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T10:26:10","slug":"yanlis-tani-eksik-tedavi-agir-sonuclar-malpraktis-davalarina-hukuk-sistemimizin-yaklasimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/yanlis-tani-eksik-tedavi-agir-sonuclar-malpraktis-davalarina-hukuk-sistemimizin-yaklasimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Yanl\u0131\u015f Tan\u0131, Eksik Tedavi, A\u011f\u0131r Sonu\u00e7lar: Malpraktis Davalar\u0131na Hukuk Sistemimizin Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Malpraktis (medical malpractice), hekimlerin ve sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin <strong>mesleki standartlara ayk\u0131r\u0131<\/strong> davran\u0131\u015f veya ihmalleri sonucu hastada fiziksel, ruhsal veya ekonomik zarar olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunu ifade eder.T\u00fcrk hukukunda \u201cmalpraktis\u201d kelimesi do\u011frudan mevzuatta ge\u00e7mese de <strong>\u201ct\u0131bbi k\u00f6t\u00fc uygulama\u201d<\/strong> terimi ile kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r ve hem \u00f6zel hukuk hem ceza hukuku hem de idare hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. Malpraktis davalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle <strong>hasta haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde kalite standard\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/strong> And <strong>t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalelerde \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Hukuki Dayanaklar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk hukukunda malpraktis ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler do\u011frudan tek bir kanunda toplanmam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7e\u015fitli mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (TBK)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>m.49<\/strong> (Haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>m.506 vd.<\/strong> (Vek\u00e2let s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00f6zen borcu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>m.112<\/strong> (S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu (TCK)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>m.85<\/strong> (Taksirle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>m.89<\/strong> (Taksirle yaralama)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>m.257<\/strong> (G\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma \u2013 kamu g\u00f6revlisi hekimler i\u00e7in)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Temel Kanunu (m.15)<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalelerde r\u0131za ve standartlar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hasta Haklar\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanunu<\/strong> (Kamu g\u00f6revlisi sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin sorumlulu\u011fu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 Sanatlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun<\/strong> \u2013 Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Malpraktisin Unsurlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir malpraktis davas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u015fu unsurlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aran\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mesleki standartlara uymama<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gereksiz veya yanl\u0131\u015f tedavi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zarar<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fiziksel (organ kayb\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ruhsal (travma, psikolojik y\u0131k\u0131m)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maddi (gelir kayb\u0131, ek tedavi masraflar\u0131)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130lliyet ba\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zararla t\u0131bbi hata aras\u0131nda nedensellik ili\u015fkisi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kusur<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kast, taksir veya a\u011f\u0131r ihmal \u015feklinde olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Malpraktis T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Te\u015fhis Hatalar\u0131<\/strong> \u2013 Yanl\u0131\u015f veya gecikmi\u015f tan\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tedavi Hatalar\u0131<\/strong> \u2013 Yanl\u0131\u015f ila\u00e7, yanl\u0131\u015f doz, ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda hata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bilgilendirme Eksikli\u011fi<\/strong> \u2013 Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam al\u0131nmamas\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Takip ve Kontrol Hatalar\u0131<\/strong> \u2013 Ameliyat sonras\u0131 hastay\u0131 yeterince izlememe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Teknik Yetersizlikler<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0131bbi cihazlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. Hukuki Sorumluluk T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A. Hukuk Davalar\u0131 (Tazminat)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00d6zel hukuk ili\u015fkilerinde<\/strong> TBK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yetkili\/g\u00f6revli mahkeme: Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi (baz\u0131 durumlarda T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Talep edilebilecek tazminatlar:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maddi tazminat (tedavi masraflar\u0131, kazan\u00e7 kayb\u0131)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manevi tazminat (ac\u0131, elem, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B. Ceza Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TCK m.85, m.89 kapsam\u0131nda taksirle yaralama veya \u00f6l\u00fcm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonucunda hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C. \u0130dari Sorumluluk<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kamu hastanelerinde g\u00f6rev yapan hekimler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan <strong>tam yarg\u0131 davas\u0131<\/strong> (\u0130YUK m.12 ve m.13)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u00f6rev kusuru \u2192 \u0130dareye kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, idare tazminat\u0131 \u00f6der, r\u00fccu edebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. Dava A\u00e7ma S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00d6n De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0131bbi kay\u0131tlar, epikriz, ameliyat notlar\u0131, re\u00e7eteler toplan\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uzman Raporu<\/strong> \u2013 Adli T\u0131p Kurumu veya bilirki\u015fi raporu al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yetkili Mahkeme<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00d6zel hastaneler \u2192 Asliye Hukuk\/T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kamu hastaneleri \u2192 \u0130dare Mahkemesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Temel olarak davac\u0131dad\u0131r; ancak baz\u0131 durumlarda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc tersine d\u00f6nebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deliller<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u0131bbi kay\u0131tlar, bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131, tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 S\u00fcreleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TBK\u2019ya g\u00f6re<\/strong>: Haks\u0131z fiillerde zarar ve fail \u00f6\u011frenildikten sonra <strong>2 y\u0131l<\/strong>, her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda <strong>10 y\u0131l<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ceza davalar\u0131nda<\/strong>: \u0130\u015flenen su\u00e7un t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re TCK\u2019daki dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0130dari davalarda<\/strong>: 1 y\u0131l (\u0130YUK m.13)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. Tazminat T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maddi Tazminat<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tedavi masraflar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici\/kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik zararlar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cenaze giderleri (\u00f6l\u00fcm halinde)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Manevi Tazminat<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c7ekilen ac\u0131, elem ve \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk yarg\u0131 prati\u011finde malpraktis davalar\u0131nda <strong>\u00f6zen borcu<\/strong>, <strong>ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam<\/strong> And <strong>t\u0131bbi kay\u0131t tutma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong> konular\u0131 temel belirleyicilerdir.<br>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6rnek bir Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131 incelenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yarg\u0131tay 13. Hukuk Dairesi, E.2016\/14818, K.2018\/4331, T.20.03.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Olay:<\/strong> Davac\u0131, \u00f6zel bir hastanede ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ameliyat sonras\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015f g\u00f6remez hale gelmi\u015f, hekim taraf\u0131ndan gerekli \u00f6zenin g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fini ve ameliyat \u00f6ncesi bilgilendirme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yerel Mahkeme:<\/strong> Bilirki\u015fi raporu do\u011frultusunda hekimin standartlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve <strong>ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam\u0131n al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> tespit edilerek maddi ve manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yarg\u0131tay De\u011ferlendirmesi:<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hekim, mesleki standartlara uygun davranmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (\u00f6zen borcu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahaleden \u00f6nce hastan\u0131n bilgilendirilmesi ve <strong>r\u0131za al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Onam al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015fsa, m\u00fcdahale hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve zarar ile illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 varsa tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011far.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u0131bbi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n eksik tutulmas\u0131 daval\u0131 aleyhine yorumlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay, yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 onam\u0131\u015f, maddi ve manevi tazminat\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fc hukuka uygun bulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu karar, \u00f6zellikle <strong>ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam<\/strong> y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmesinin, tek ba\u015f\u0131na hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve tazminat sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011furabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Giri\u015f Malpraktis (medical malpractice), hekimlerin ve sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin mesleki standartlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f veya ihmalleri sonucu hastada fiziksel, ruhsal veya ekonomik zarar olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunu ifade eder.T\u00fcrk hukukunda \u201cmalpraktis\u201d kelimesi do\u011frudan&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18383"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18385,"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18383\/revisions\/18385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tolunayugur.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}